Task 1 Health Promotion Community Assessment - Case Study

Case Study 1: City of Melbourne. Health and Wellbeing Profile, 2020

Question 1 Focus: Using an ecological health and wellbeing framework to guide community assessment health and wellbeing data collation.

Question 1 relates to case study 1: City of Melbourne. Health and Wellbeing Profile, 2020. Published 2020. Accessed January 17, 2022.

Available from: https://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/about-melbourne/research-and-statistics/pages/health-wellbeing-profile.aspx

The link to this Profile is also available in the Task 2 resources folder in the Course Readings.

You will use this case study to answer question 1. 

Relevant task criteria:

• Application of best practice community assessment concepts, principles, and processes, and
• Accuracy of sourcing, reporting and interpretation of appropriate quality secondary data.

Read: City of Melbourne Health and Wellbeing Profile – Indicator Summary available at: https://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/hwp-2020-indicator-summary.pdf.

The Indicator Summary lists the indicators used in the City of Melbourne Health and Wellbeing Profile, 2020. It identifies areas that are and are not tracking well overtime compared to other Victorian data for each indicator.

A full assessment of the assets and needs of a community involves collecting secondary and/or primary data for as many individual and environmental level determinants relevant to the community as possible. Ecological health and wellbeing determinants frameworks are used to guide the range of data to be sourced, analysed and reported in a community profile.  

Based on your understanding of ecological determinants of health and wellbeing, and equity, you will critique the comprehensiveness of the types of health and wellbeing indicators and priority populations included in the plan. You will then make recommendations for additional information about indicators to ensure full alignment with the ecological determinants of health and wellbeing framework.

There are two parts to this question.

Part 1:  Allocate each health and wellbeing indicator presented in the summary to the ecological health and wellbeing data assessment framework (Part 1, Table 1a). You only need to allocate the indicators from page 1 of the summary document.

Table 1a below is an example of a community assessment data template based on adaption of the understanding health component of Red Lotus Critical Health Promotion Model (Taylor & O’Hara 2021). The template includes individual and environmental level determinant categories and a category for the health and wellbeing status of people (community or population). Each category specifies the type of indicators for which data needs to be collected for a comprehensive community profile.

A resource titled Determinant type definitions and examples based on this ecological determinants' framework is provided in the learning materials to help you identify the types of indicators that can be included across the different determinant categories.  

Part 2:  Reflect on the distribution of indicators from the summary across the ecological determinants' framework. Critically comment on their comprehensiveness in terms of how well the indicators in the summary address the full range of characteristics of people, and the individual and environmental level determinants of health and wellbeing. Make a list of 10 additional indicators to ensure fuller alignment with the ecological determinants of health and wellbeing framework. Ensure that you specify which determinant type each of your recommended indicators aligns with. Write your response in Table 1b below with a word limit of approximately 300 words.

Question 2 Focus: Using available secondary data in community assessment 

Question 2 relates to case study 1: City of Melbourne. Health and Wellbeing Profile, 2020. Published 2020. Accessed January 17, 2022.

Available from: https://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/about-melbourne/research-and-statistics/pages/health-wellbeing-profile.aspx

You will use this case study to answer question 2. 

Relevant task criteria:

• Application of best practice community assessment concepts, principles and processes, and
• Accuracy of sourcing, reporting and interpretation of appropriate quality secondary data.

There are two parts to this question.

Part 1: Sourcing and reporting secondary data

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have been identified as a priority population in the City of Melbourne, Health and Wellbeing Profile, 2020.

Using appropriate secondary data sources report data for the following indicators for the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population of the City of Melbourne. Include an appropriate population comparison, for example, comparing local Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population at the regional, state or national level.  

2020. Four (4) demographic and socio-economic data items not already included in the City of Melbourne, Health and Wellbeing Profile, 2020.
2021. Health and wellbeing related data for:

• Three (3) individual determinants (behavioural factors or health status)
• Three (3) environmental level determinants across the determinant categories (built, natural, social, cultural, economic, political environments).

Use data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) and the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), and any other appropriate sources of secondary data to source your data. If any of the data you report is not specific to the City of Melbourne Local Government Area, ensure you indicate this, and explain why.

Report your findings using appropriate table(s) and/or figure(s) followed by a brief written description of the data in Tables 2a and 2b. Use Vancouver-JAMA referencing to report all the sources you have used.

Please note, you must construct the tables or figures yourself and not copy and paste tables or figures from websites. Remember to give your tables and/or figures an appropriate figure/table number and title.

Part B: Interpretation of findings

Write a brief interpretation of data presented in Tables 2a and 2b for the City of Melbourne Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population. Your interpretation is to include critical comment in relation to the following:

• Justification for including Aboriginal on Torres Strait Islander population as a priority community based on considerations of equity.
• Assets and needs of the City of Melbourne Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community.

Write your response in Table 2c, with a word limit of approximately 200 words. Use Vancouver-JAMA referencing to report all the sources you have used.

Table 2c: Interpreting secondary data

Case Study 2: Tiny Towns Community Assessment Survey, 2021

Question 3 Focus: Analysis of qualitative data

Question 3 relates to case study 2: Tiny Town Community Assessment Survey, 2021 which is available in the Task 1 Assessment Folder.

In short, qualitative information was collected from the Tiny Town community members regarding their views about what they felt was:

• Important to people about the health of their community
• Health concerns and needs their community is facing
• Perceptions of service accessibility and barriers to access, and
• What is working well in community.

An extract of 60 qualitative data items from this community assessment process is provided in the excel data file with the background to the Tiny Towns community assessment survey.

You will use this data file to answer question 3.  

Relevant task criteria:

• Application of best practice community assessment concepts, principles and processes, and
• Analysis of qualitative health and wellbeing data.

There are two parts to this question

Part 1 - Data organisation

Allocate the Tiny Towns community qualitative data in the excel spreadsheet to the ecological framework in Table 3a below. You do not need to paraphrase or summarise the data for this task. Please ensure you allocate all the data items to a determinant of health and wellbeing category in the table.

Part 2 - Findings and interpretation

Provide an overview of the data included for each determinant level of (people, individual determinants and environmental determinants) in Table 3b below. Critically comment on the comprehensiveness of community data across the determinant of health and wellbeing levels and types. Identify three key themes across the determinant levels and/or types based on equity and priority population considerations.

Question 4 Focus: Primary data collection in community assessment 

Question 4 relates to case study 2: Tiny Town Community Assessment Survey, 2021 Overview is available in the Task 1 Assessment Folder.

Relevant task criteria:

• Application of best practice community assessment concepts, principles, and processes
• Design of interview protocol and questions to assess health and wellbeing perceptions of a stakeholder group
• Analysis of qualitative health and wellbeing data, and
• Design of processes to meaningfully engage community stakeholders in community assessment.

There are two questions in this part of the Task that breaks down key components of an interview protocol [also referred to as a guide] to collect primary data from a stakeholder group.

• Part A includes formative planning considerations in the development of an interview protocol/guide.
• Part B includes the development of the primary data collection instrument questions.

Refer to the following source for guidance which is available in the Task 2 resources folder in the course readings.

Serry T, Liamputtong P. The In-depth Interviewing method of health. In: Liamputtong P, ed. Research methods in health: foundations for evidence-based practice 3^rd ed. Oxford University Press; 2017:67-83.

Part A: Community engagement interview protocol/guide [formative planning]

Question 4a

Respond to each of the following formative planning considerations in the development of a community engagement strategy and interview protocol.

1. Select a priority health and wellbeing theme you identified in your interpretation of qualitative data for question 3.
2. Identify which priority stakeholder group you will engage with to better understand the theme in more depth via an in-depth interview method.
3. Provide a succinct justification for your choice of theme, priority stakeholder group, and level of engagement, for example, why you have selected the priority stakeholder group, is the theme related to a health and wellbeing priority that has significant health and wellbeing impacts.
4. Develop a purpose statement for your data collection event that reflects the health and wellbeing theme, priority stakeholder group, type of information to be collected and data collection method being used. It is useful to start a purpose statement with to term ‘To’ [determine, ascertain, gather, etc].

Part B: Interview protocol open-ended questions

Question 4b

Develop five (5) direct open-ended questions to gather primary data from your Tiny Town stakeholder group to ascertain a more in-depth understanding of the health and wellbeing theme and document in Table 5 below.

Note that in an interview you would normally include a range of different question types, for example, introductory, probing, direct, clarifying, interpreting, structuring, indirect, specifying, follow-up. For this task, you will develop direct questions only. Other question types can be used to further explore direct questions.

Ensure that your questions are constructed clearly and succinctly to avoid any ambiguity. You might consider testing and seeking some feedback from peers on the clarity of your questions.

Make sure that your questions fully align with the health and wellbeing theme that you have identified for your priority population group.

Place your questions in the order that you think they would best be asked.