Assignment help on Data Communication

Education is one of the most important factors for a development of any country. In all over the world, all developed countries mainly focus on their educational policies that fulfill the present age requirements and maintain its standard quality. An educational system determines the standard of the citizens and society.

Introduction to ICT:

New strategies and decisions are made by developed countries for increasing the strong technical mind set towards the new way of education through use of information technology known as Information and Communication Technology.

First of all I will introduce the worldwide standard of modern education system known as ICT. ICT is the fundamental source in education. Above all modern ways of technologies are the most important for today’s scope of education. Every country trying their best for enhancing the quality and resources of education by adopting the Information and Communication Technology. Many countries in the world like America, Canada and United Kingdom have success fully achieved good results by use of Information and Communication System (ICT).

Through set standard of ICT, education systems have getting new technical ways to enhance knowledge. Every education system need following main concerns for successful and reliable source of good education;

• Skills and availability of teachers
• Syllabus or curriculum
• Determination and will of getting higher education

Key Components:

There are two main component of this system that plays a key role in ICT.

1. Computers, laptops or notebook
2. Internet

Advantages of use of ICT:

Now-a-days the technology is increasing day by day and thus we require a strong need of fast and accurate communication. This communication should be independent to place and hence people from any corner of the world can communicate with each other at any instance of time. These days communication plays a very vital role in our daily life and so there are many new wireless networks being introduced these days. Computer and internet plays key role in the present age to get any information regarding any educational matter. Accessibility to the internet is 24 hours and easily access by everyone. By use of modern technological ways ion schools appreciates and encourage the technical oriented world.

Education plays an important and key role in the development of any society and country. By use of ICT, if any student misses the lecture due to any reason can access to the lecture at their corresponding website and easily download it.

On the whole ICT is the system that involves input, processing and output.

These are the main components of ICT;

• First of all people
• Secondly Data
• Procedures
• Software
• Hardware
• Information

Key Features of ICT:

There are some key features of ICT is mentioned as

• ICT provides a especial facilities for the disable persons
• Communication between teachers and students and parents can improve by use of it
• It also provides a link between other educational institutions

Main Agenda of ICT:

The main agenda of ICT at national level meets the following requirements

• Knowledge based economy
• Develop a Creative and researcher minds
• Promote technology in education
• Improve work culture and motivate to build a strong learning society

  Requirements for the ICT schools

• Physical configuration
• Availability of laptops in both class rooms and labs
• There must be digital library
• Teaching staff have also have their own notebook

Objectives of ICT

At the present time, Technology plays a leading role in the development of the world. There are some key factors in education including the infrastructure networking, connectivity with internet and other sources.

• Targeted and focus mainly on quality of education
• Developing the interest s of students in education by different means
• Professional development for teaching staff

Our Chosen School Setup:

The Arndell Park Primary School is selected by us for the complete analysis and implementation of ICT requirements. This school was established in 2011. This school gradually increases its strength to 530 in 2012. It also accommodates all needs of present age of information technology.

Teaching staff of the school is well professional and fully equipped with modern technical knowledge. This staff also utilizes new teachings methodologies and implements in class room environment.

Hierarchical Structure of the School:

The whole set up of the school is follows as;

Resources rooms

Library

Furthermore School has other buildings follows as;

Administrative Building

School Teaching staffs and administration:

ICT Data Communication Plan and Networking Model of School:

One of the most important and key phase is the implementation the requirements of School according the ICT criteria and their interconnectivity through a proper way. All teaching staff, administrative staff and other school authorities must have good way of communication and centralized monitoring internet and other web based services that also facilitate the students needs too for good understanding of literature and syllabus of the school.

According to the ICT criteria, School networking systems must follow and fulfill the desire requirements;

• There must be desktop support for all school staff including teaching and administrative staff
• Online printer access to everyone in the school
• Web based services support
• Internet availability and centralized monitoring

Network Hierarchy of School Network:

The network layer model of school follows as;

Every department has its own internal connectivity network structure. All networks are monitored through one server. There is also internal connectivity of all the departments and on the whole school has internally connected to every department through secure Proxy Server.

Then in next stage some school higher authorities utilize the special network services that is strictly secure and having higher download and web based capacity.

Security:

Security is achieved through;

1. Firewall
2. VPN

There are some major services provide to the ICT schools including internet access, financial aids and provide technical equipments for their use.

Technically school is supported by providing

• Maintenance services and
• Trouble shooting Services

Beyond the competence of the user base, Schools also needs more skilled technicians and able to deploy, manage and maintain ICT equipment, software and systems, so they work well for users. In all industries, these people manage computer and communications equipment, software and applications, network systems, online information sharing systems, communication and commerce, the business processes that make use of these systems and user support. Through use of ICT in education, in future many aspects related to science and education become familiar.

1. Valuable communication
2. Higher Order Thinking
3. Creative Mind set
4. Digital Age Literacy

ICT Network Design Hierarchy:

There are many considerations in mind before complete network implementation design in ICT schools. We must have known following core points in mind;

• Purchasing of adequate hardware including LAN Switch, Modem and Ethernet cables etc.
• Software requirements for central data base of school.

LAN Switch provides a connection to the multiple computers. There are some standard set by the ICT for schools networks integration. Use of following components essential for this;

• Use of LAN Switch
• Intermediate Distribution Facilities IDF
• Mani Distributed Facility MDF
• One of the most important part is the Data Communication Center DCC

The significance to the 802.11 description is the MAC (Medium Access Control). This one initiative in each single seventh layer of OSI and gearshifts its broadcast of consumer data hooked into the air. This makes available the essential enclosing procedures besides the communication with under wired network support. Dissimilar physical layers might deliver diverse broadcast speediness altogether of that are hypothetical to under operate. 802.11 do not proceed after the foregoing IEEE 802 criterions in any fundamental way.

Internet Access plays a key role in education and provided by the ISDN, Broadband, cable or use of wireless technology Wi-Fi.

LAN

Two or more desktops linked together in any local area like home, offices or organization using software and hardware is called Local Area Network.

TYPES OF LANS

There are two types of LANs mostly used in our daily communication;

1. Wired Local Area Network
2. Wireless Local Area Network

In wired LANs there is physical connection between all computers on the network and main device is called a switch. In wireless LANs radio waves are used for the communication.

LAN COMPATIBALITY

There is no problem in setup of LAN. Mostly LANs serve an area less than few kilometers. One of the big advantages of the LAN its simplicity in installation, up gradation and expansion with little bit difficulty. It can also popular because it transmits data fastly.

Historical Perspective of LAN

LANs provide services for the communication of data among workers. Therefore, they enable this data to be directed to a common printer, serving a larger group of users. This eliminated the need for each worker to have a printer and ensured that the one printer provided was not underutilized.

In presently we have many types of LANs. Like IBM computers uses Ethernet mostly while Macintosh computers used Apple talk.

Physical Characteristics of LANs

The basic physical characteristics of LANs are network access units. These access units actually connect the desktops to the network. These units are installed on the motherboard of the computer. The functionality of these units are to provide a connection, buffer the data broadcast speed, and accumulate data from the LAN into in working condition for the computer.

The second part of the LAN is wiring. It provides the physical connection in the network and to printers and servers.

In 1980s twisted pair cable is developed is a kind of wiring used for public switched telephones networks. It’s a cost effective and simple. Further development in this regard is the Optical Fiber Cable. It offers remarkable bandwidth, allow extremely high communication speeds and for the reason that it is optical. It is not influenced by the electromagnetic interference. Thus, fiber dispersed data interface is used mainly in building risers.

 LAN TOPOLOGIES

There are different topologies of LANs

• Star Topology
• Ring Topology
• Bus Topology
• Mesh Topology
• Hybrid Topology

Transmission Methods Used By the LANs

Two transmission methods are used by the LANs

• Baseband Transmission
• Broadband Transmission

The Local Area Network has different technologies that are Token Ring, Ethernet, FDDI and ATM. IEEE standard describing a LAN is Project 802. Wireless networking can demonstrate to be very convenient in community places, libraries, guest houses, hotels, lunchrooms, and colleges are all spaces where an individual might discover wireless access to the Internet. Since an economic point of interpretation, this is advantageous to both the supplier and the consumer. The growing development, popularity and ease to use the wireless devices have increased the usage of wireless communication. In wide-ranging, the advanced the value placed on mobility and flexibility, the greater the interest in wireless LANs. A shortcoming of wireless Internet is that the QoS (Quality of Service) is not assured and if there is any intervention with the linkage then the connection might be released or dropped. In environments where mobile telephony as we recognize it is not conceivable or problematic, might be internet expertise can be of assistance. The need on a overpriced telecom infrastructure might by this means be diminished, which would be fairly comfortable seeing the up-to-date state in the telecom domain.

There are some important points keep in mind before physical configuration are mentioned below;

There must be internal connectivity of all computers in class rooms.

Computers in libraries and teaching room computer must have hybrid connections.

Types of networking schemes that are used for this purpose are;

• Client Server Networking
• Peer to Peer Networking
• Numerous systems use this client / server networking model including Web sites and email services. An alternative model, peer-to-peer networking enables all computers to act as either a server or client as needed.

Connecting Computers

PC3

PC1

Resources are shared among all computers in peer to peer network.

PC4

PC2

Client Server Network

As a computer network grows in size and complexity, it may be necessary to shift to a client/server style of network using more advanced network operating software. Network servers typically are configured with additional processing, memory and storage capacity to handle the load of servicing clients.  One of the advantages of client/server networks is that they are scalable: more clients and servers can be added to the system without changing the network significantly.

These centralized networks are easier to manage, administer, and secure than peer-to-peer networks. Because of the need to have a central “dedicated” server, initial costs are higher. Also, they are more complex to set up and maintain than stand-alone computers and peer-to-peer networks, often requiring schools to hire a technician to oversee the network.

Resources are controlled by the file server in a client/server network.

Network Scheme used in project:

I have shown here the most economical and easy solution in diagram for school network implementation.

Overall Cost Analysis in this Project:

Cost estimation is followed as;

It includes

1. Fixed Costs

• Software
• Hardware infrastructure
• Networking Requirements
• Physical Configuration needs

2. Variable Costs

• Professional Development
• Major task of internet connectivity
• Maintenance and services in future

A router is hardware that allows messages to be sent between two or more networks. A switch is a relatively simple piece of hardware.

Home networking switches are often found in 4-port, 8-port, and 12-port configurations for (generally) less than $100.

We will typically see a network switch identified as a 10/100 Ethernet or 10/100/1000 Gigabit Ethernet switch. This refers to the maximum network speed the switch will support per connection. Lower priced routers are capable of 10-20Mbps speeds, 40Mbps or more requires a higher priced router. Price of router is 2000 $. A new cheap and good quality servers used in schools having average price is 1000-2000$. I have used dell server having price of 1500$ Dollars.  Over all I have utilize maximum resources in minimum cost.

Conclusion:

On the whole we have found that in present age, education without ICT is not valuable and everyone admires this reality. Developing countries adopt high standards of education through use of ICT and achieve amazing results in education and communication side. ICT plays a key role in the modern world for accessing new valuable methods of teachings and learning and train whole society towards education.

References:

[1]        http://www.mpict.org/ict_education_defined_importance.html

[2]        http://www.leeds.ac.uk/educol/documents/00001201.htm

[3] INFRASTRUCTURE: HARDWARE, NETWORKING, SOFTWARE, AND CONNECTIVITY, Eric Rusten Heather E. Hudson

[4]   Role of ICT in education of the developing countries PhD. Gulmammadov R.H. (Ministry of communication and informational technologies of Azerbaijan Republic)

 [5]     The role of ICT in higher education for the 21st century: ICT as

a change agent for education Ron Oliver, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western

[6] “ICT in education”, by Victoria L tinio

[7] Technology in Schools: Education, ICT and the Knowledge Society by Pedro Hepp K, Enrique Hinostroza S, Ernesto Laval M, Lucio Rehbein F.

[8]http://infochangeindia.org/technology/analysis/ict-in-school-education-a-flawed-policymaking-process.html

[9]   http://www.mpict.org/ict_education_defined_importance.html