Classroom Management Strategies and teaching Motivation
Role of Teachers in Classroom Management for Motivating Students
Executive Summary:
There have been many studies done to identify the role of primary teachers in classroom management for motivating students. This present article focuses on the role of primary teachers in classroom management for motivating students. The primary teachers are the key players, a student needs in its life for shaping up and development of his career path. From a primary school itself a student starts his journey of a being well educated person. Primary teachers help their students in a way that they never let their students fall from their path. Student success is important at every educational level, and education given at primary level helps them to build a base for their achievements. A primary teacher behaves as a ladder to their students at all levels of mental and physical growth so that their students may achieve the capability of higher understanding. Primary Teachers motivate the students in a way that they build a desire in students to learn more. Motivating a student who is not at an age of self-understanding is very delicate part, which a Primary Teacher controls / handles very wisely and softly. If students are not motivated in a particular way, a common outcome is a lost desire to attend class, followed by frequent absences and diverting their minds from the focus.
A lack of motivation to learn could be at the root of the problem. To overcome the problem of de-motivation among the students of primary level, primary teachers uses a numbers of motivation aids for the students. Like teachers used to explain any topic to the class in a fun learning manner that slow learner and fast learner both reach the stage of understandability of the topic easily. Primary teachers use mostly the surroundings example to make the student understand in a better way relating to their real life. Teachers make daily activity plans for the students to deal with new ideas in new manner. The teacher has to manage the classroom in a manner that it looks attractive and educational place. Students are arranged in a neat manner as they have been seated in a row or in circular or in semi- circular way. The most important role in motivating a student is the communication relationship between a student and the teacher. This communication is the key feature for the students through which their fright of speaking in front of any person gets over.
Introduction
Education is the most essential requirement in the life of every person. The education of a person begins with the admission to the pre primary and then to primary school. Primary school is the place where a student begins his / her first lesson to begin their knowledge processing. Teachers in the school, basically the primary teachers, play the most important role in the development and managing the student’s perspective towards life. The primary level sets a solid base for the development of personal and professional qualities of the students. Teachers need to pay more attention towards students especially in primary section. The relationship between the teachers and the students is very important in getting success at the learning phase for the students and teaching phase for the teachers Hannikainen. M, (2010). A good relationship between the students and teachers is the key element in the classroom management strategies.
Literature Review:
The classroom management is also known as the classroom discipline. It is the process by which the teachers teach the students in a much-disciplined manner. There are three factors that clearly describe the classroom management strategies. These factors include motivation, discipline, and respect for a teacher or their elders. A good classroom management by the primary teacher allows the students to learn various moral and disciplinary values despite of their disruptive behavior in the class and build their strong base for travelling the hardest journey of life. Many researchers have defined classroom management in their different way. According to Weinstein. C, 2006, the classroom management is defined as the strategies and the activities by the teachers to maintain discipline and a good learning environment. However, Martin, Yin, and Baldwin, 1998, defined the classroom management as the comprehensive construct that tells about the efforts by the teachers to look after the activities of the students in the classroom. These activities include learning; interaction among the students and teachers, social activities of the students, and the behavior of students (Baldwin, 1998). As per Martin and Baldwin, 1992, the classroom management involves the interaction of three factors: person, instruction and discipline. As cited by Yasar, 2008, according to Wang, Heartel and Walberg (1993), and Marzano and Marzano (2003), the classroom management is the most important feature that influences the learning of students in school. As per Cullingford. C, 1995, the good and effective classroom management strategies depend on the successful and effective delivery of instructions and lectures by the teachers. Thus it is clear that classroom management is the basic requirement in the school learning and is crucial for the progress of students and a balanced behavior of the students in the school-learning environment (Yasar, 2008).
Motivation is the process by which any person can be easily convinced to do a particular work. According to Berelson and Steiner (1964), and Tracy (2000), motivation is defined as the internal striving conditions including wishes, desires, and instinct that stimulate a person’s interest towards an activity. However Cole (1986) described motivation as the process, initiative, and the internal feelings that people seek to satisfy themselves including their basic needs, personal and professional goals, and which in turn trigger off the human behavior. Therefore motivation can be said as any force that helps in the reduction of tension, stress, worries and frustration that arise in a person’s life from being into any problematic situation (Brophy. J, 2004).
Yasar (2008) is of the opinion that motivation by the teachers is an external force for the students that try to convince the students for getting involved in a particular task. For motivating students, teachers need to first motivate themselves. If the teachers will not motivate themselves, the performances of both the students and teachers will get hampered. Becker (2004) states that a slowdown in the performance of the students and teachers will lead to a poor result of the class and thus teachers and the students may not be able to work in the school environment with a calm mind. Both will get frustrated and thus the effectiveness of the classroom will get reduced resulting in poor performances of students and delivery of low quality teaching methods (Cullingford. C, 1995).
Importance of Primary Teachers:
According to Berelson and Steiner the primary teachers are first helping hand for the students to gain education and knowledge. They can be said as the ‘key to success’ for a developing child during his education period Cullingford. C, (1995). Primary teachers use many basic strategies to develop the skills and learning capacity in students. They usually do not use any strategy rather they just make students do lot of class work and give double homework. However McGlynn. P, (2000) opines that it is seen in many schools that teachers work on basic activities that make students happy and learn faster. It is noticed that teachers are harsh and strict. The strict behavior of the teachers makes the students scared and quite. Firstly, the teacher should have a polite and patient communication medium towards students so as to make students feel free in classroom. Primary teachers are seen in such a manner that they are not attentive towards their students (McGlynn. P, 2000).
As per Weinstein. C, 2006 the teachers should pay personal attention to every student so that none of the student feels isolated. For storytelling and poems primary teachers should use teaching aids based or related to that story or poem. They should make students recite poems and perform stories in-group. They use multi-play games like opposites matching, figures matching, nouns recognition, alphabets matching, etc. Primary teachers do not make students interact with outside environment (McGlynn. P, 2000). They should take students out for visiting exhibitions, planetarium, picnics, and children motivational movies and do other educational activities also. Teachers usually do not actively participate in classroom activities with students like playing games, singing songs, etc. rather they try to make students the active participants. Primary teachers should involve students in classroom game, and tell them not to move from their seats; else they will be given no star. Many schools do not have a separate class of moral values. As per McGlynn. P, (2000) classes of moral values should be organized for students. Most of the classes are only acquire tables and chairs. Though, there should be some pictorial charts, numeric tables, shapes charts, nature relating charts, motivational quotes, and moral values Koomen. H, (2011).
Primary teachers are the most important part of the education system and generating the knowledge and thought process for students. It is important for the primary teachers that they should perform to the best of their abilities while managing the classrooms and the activities of the students by motivating them throughout the day. Brophy. J, stated that when teachers love their profession they can easily motivate the students without any problem. A student can be motivated only by the system of praise for their work by the teachers. Some students are self-motivated and they do the work for making their desires come true. Teachers should praise the students for their every work. Teachers can praise, encourage, and promote student’s work and their efforts so that the students get motivated to work more in the same direction (Baldwin, 1998). As the time passes, some of the student’s activities in the classroom become their hobbies and they more and more try to work on their inputs for more encouragement and praise from the teachers. Though there are no such formulas or tricks for the teachers to motivate the students, but teachers can focus on the praise and positive feedback on the students. Teachers should support the creativities and efforts of the students and show their beliefs towards the work by students that they can do well. Teachers should give feedback individually to every student even if they are working in a group. Teachers should also praise the class entirely so that each student will get involved with each other in a group activity (McGlynn. P, 2000).
There are many other activities that a teacher can do to motivate the students while teaching. Teachers can show their expectations from the students that will motivate students. Teachers can motivate the students by making the students the active participants in learning either in classroom or outside the classroom Hannikainen. M, (2010). The activities for the student’s motivation include writing, reciting poems, creating, solving short puzzles, and drawing paintings. Teachers should ask the students to express their ideas either verbally or in writing (Brophy. J, 2004). Teachers should set some realistic goals for the students and ask them to achieve that goal by giving them positive feedbacks at every stage.
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Strategies by the teachers for classroom management and motivating students:
Primary teaches need to focus more on their strategies to manage the teaching sessions in the classroom. Any experienced teacher can only do the best management of the classroom. A new teacher managing a classroom should act smartly and heed the advice of those who suffered success and failure in this field (Lana Becker, 2004). Here are some strategies that the primary teachers should use while managing the teaching sessions.
Primary teachers should prepare lesson plans on daily basis so that they know what to teach and how to teach. The lesson plans help the teachers to know which tools to be used while teaching the students. The daily plan must be based on some basic things that should be kept in mind. They are: Activities for different curricular areas with time given for each activity, activities for individual, paired, small or large groups, Indoor and outdoor activities, a lesson taught through games and Creative activities etc. (Baldwin, 1998).
Class display is another important element, the class of Primary students must look attractive, so that the kids may not distract their minds from learning and may develop a desire to participate more in the class activities Hannikainen. M, (2010). Primary Teachers may ask their students to draw some pictures or make something related to their subject in which they show their interest, or make some creative charts for their class. This way the students will remain involve in group activities as well as classroom activities (Weinstein. C, 2006)
At the same time classroom arrangement are also important, sitting arrangement does not only include arrangement of children but also of the primary teacher. This is done to make the communication between the teachers and students much easier (Becker, 2004). It can be row wise, circular or semi-circular. Grouping arrangement is done on the interest and styles of learning of children or their ability levels. Through grouping of students teacher can easily identify the basic needs of each of the student in the class (Baldwin, 1998). Time management for both student and the Primary teacher is important. Because the teacher has to take care of those students who are fast learner and who are not. The teacher cannot teach higher level of concepts to students who have not yet understood the easier concepts (Martin. N, 1999). The Primary teacher should clear the doubts of the students in time of that particular concept before starting a new concept to them.
