Assignment: How many hours and how well do the Australians sleep?

Assignment: How many hours and how well do the Australians sleep?

Researchers often suspect that the duration and quality of sleep, among other things, may be related to individuals’ health and happiness. Hours of sleep may also be different for people at different age. Your team is asked to write a report describing and analysing the duration and quality of sleep by the Australians. You will get a dataset (unique for each team), which contains a sample of 1,601 Australian adults who were aged between 18 and 75 in 2013 (see Table 1 for the definitions of the variables). In the report, you should address the following questions (where you need to calculate and discuss/interpret/comment on the numbers):

1. Duration of sleep

• Draw a histogram of hours of sleep and interpret the distribution of sleep hours--- From your sample, how many hours does a typical Australian sleep per week? What is the range of the sleep hours of the middle 50 percent of people in your sample?
  Does the distribution look more or less symmetrical? If so, what is the range of hours around the mean hours in which 95% of people sleep?
• In your sample, on average, who sleeps longer, a man or a woman?
• On average, in which state people sleep the longest hours? What is the difference between the longest and the shorted average hours of sleep in the states?
• Group the individuals into 5-year age groups, for example, <=20, 21-25, 26-30, 31-35… . Using a chart of your choice, describe the age pattern of sleep hours. Which age group sleep the longest hours? Do you find any apparent age pattern?

2. Sleep Quality

• Using a chart (or table) of your choice, describe the quality of sleep by the individuals in the sample---how many (in percentages) individuals rated their sleep as very good, fairly good, fairly bad, or very bad?

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3. Sleep and health

a. Duration of sleep and health

• What are the averages of sleep hours by individuals rated their health as excellent, very good, good, pair, and poor, respectively? Do you see a pattern?
• Using a chart, describing the relation between hours of sleep and individuals’ life satisfaction. On average, who are happier, individuals who sleep longer or shorter hours? Compared to the individuals who are the least satisfied with their life, the individuals who are the most satisfied with their life sleep how many more (or less) hours in your sample?

b. Sleep quality and health/happiness

• Cross tabulate individuals’ sleep rating and health rating in your sample. What relationship can you find?
• Draw a chart of individuals’ sleep and life satisfaction rating in your sample.
  Calculate the correlation coefficient between these two variables. What relationship can you find?

c. Discuss your findings in a) and b), what are your conclusions on the relationship between individuals’ (duration and quality of) sleep and their health/happiness?

4. Sleep and physical activity (Participants of Unit 11405 only).
Researchers found that doing exercises could improve the quality of sleep.

• Are hours of sleep and the level of physical activities by the individuals positive or negatively correlated? What is the correlation coefficient?
• Cross-tabulate individuals’ sleep rating and the average length of time they spent on physical activities. What relationship do you find?
• Discuss the findings and draw your conclusions