English As A Global Language - Question / Answer

Case Study :

Sarah, a 33-year-old woman who postponed pregnancy in her 20s has now been trying to get pregnant for several years. Her husband had a son during a prior marriage. She presents to her gynaecologist for work-up of her infertility. Relevant history includes menarche at age 12; four lifetime sexual partners; cyclic menses regularly every 30 days; no birth control for 2 years; no pelvic examination in 5 years. Sarah reports no intravenous drug use. 

Vaginal examination findings include a friable, vascular lesion on the anterior uterine cervix, a cervical smear diagnosis of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, a human papillomavirus (HPV) assay positive for high-risk HPV serotypes, and a cervical biopsy diagnosis of severe dysplasia (CIN III).

Q2. What are the latest guidelines for cervical screening in Australia? Provide scientific rationale for these guidelines.